Marchers hold the Capital Pride banner during the 37th Capital Pride parade on June 9, 2012.
Helsinki Pride continues the tradition established by Seta's 'Freedom Day' in 1975. Previously, the Pride was held in Helsinki in even years (2004, 2006 etc.) and in odd years (2003, 2005, etc.) in one of the other major cities in Finland. Since 2006, the gay pride has been held in Helsinki every year.
Capital Pride is an annual LGBT pride festival held in early June each year in Washington, D.C. It was founded as Gay Pride Day, a one-day block party and street festival, in 1975. In 1980 the P Street Festival Committee formed to take over planning. It changed its name to Gay and Lesbian Pride Day in 1981. In 1991, the event moved to the week prior to Father's Day. Financial difficulties led a new organization, One In Ten, to take over planning of the festival. Whitman-Walker Clinic (WWC) joined One In Ten as co-sponsor of the event in 1997, at which time the event's name was changed to Capital Pride. Whitman-Walker became the sole sponsor in 2000. But the healthcare organization came under significant financial pressures, and in 2008 turned over producing duties to a new organization, Capital Pride Alliance.
The event drew 2,000 people its first year and grew to 10,000 people covering 3 blocks in 1979. By 1984, it had expanded to a week-long event and by 1987 an estimated 28,000 attendees came to the street festival and parade. Attendance began fluctuating in the late 1980s, but stabilized in the 1990s. The festival was the fourth-largest gay pride event in the United States in 2007.[1] Capital Pride saw record attendance for its 35th anniversary celebration in 2010. An estimated 100,000 people turned out for the parade and another 250,000 for the street festival in 2012.
- 1History
History[edit]
1970s[edit]
The festival was first held on Father's Day in 1975.[2] Deacon Maccubbin, owner of the LGBT bookstore Lambda Rising, organized the city's first annual gay pride event. It was a one-day community block party held on 20th Street NW between R and S Streets NW in Washington, D.C. (the same block where Lambda Rising was then located). Two vending trucks, one loaded with beer and another with soft drinks, served the crowd. About 2,000 people attended and visited about a dozen organizational booths and vendors. In a surprising political move indicative of the growing political power of gays and lesbians in the city, several candidates for the D.C. City Council also attended and shook hands for several hours.[2][3][4][5]
In 1981, Gay Pride Day first hosted a parade in addition to the street festival.[6] The growing festival drew more than 10,000 attendees that year.[3]Washington MayorMarion Barry, elected the previous November, attended his first Gay Pride Day in 1979—and would for the rest of his time in office as mayor.[7]
1980s[edit]
Deacon Maccubbin (in purple shirt), founder of Capital Pride, riding the Lambda Rising float in the gay pride parade in 2003.
Following the 1979 event, with crowds growing larger than could be accommodated at the original location, Maccubbin turned the planning of the event over to a new non-profit group, The P Street Festival Committee, formed in 1980 to take over the growing event. The committee established a board of directors to oversee planning and administer the festival's finances, and widened planning and participation to include a number of prominent LGBT organizations in the D.C. metro area. Gay Pride Day (as the festival was then known) moved that year to Francis Junior High School at 24th and N Streets NW, next to Rock Creek Park.[2][3] In 1981, a parade route had also been established. The parade began at 16th Street NW and Meridian Hill Park, traveled along Columbia Road NW and then Connecticut Avenue NW, and ended at Dupont Circle.[4][8]
1983 was the year the first woman and person of color was named Grand Marshal of the Gay Pride Day parade. In 1984, festival organizers began bestowing the 'Heroes of Pride' award to members of racial and ethnic minorities who made a difference in their communities.[2]
Attendance at Gay Pride Day events reached 11,000 people in 1981,[7] 15,000 in 1982,[4] and 20,000 in 1983.[8] By 1984, the one-day festival had become a week-long series of meetings, speeches, dances, art exhibits, and parties.[9] At its 10th anniversary in 1985, D.C. Gay Pride Day drew an estimated 28,000 attendees to the street festival and parade.[10] But attendance began varying dramatically from year to year in the late 1980s. In 1986, only about 7,000 people watched the parade, and another 1,000 stayed for events at Francis Junior High.[11] A year later, attendance was estimated variously between 7,000 and 10,000 people.[12]
1990s[edit]
Financial problems and growing concerns about the organization's lack of inclusiveness led the P Street Festival Committee to disband in 1990 in favor of a successor organization, Pride of Washington.[5]
Several changes to the event occurred in 1991. The District of Columbia's African American gay community sponsored the first 'Black Lesbian and Gay Pride Day' on May 25, 1991. The event was created not as a competitor to the June gay pride event but rather as a way of enhancing the visibility of the African American gay and lesbian community.[13] 1991 also saw the Gay Pride Day parade and festival move away from its traditional date for the first time. Organizers shifted the event to the week prior to Father's Day to give people a chance to spend the holiday with their families. 1991 was also the year that the street festival expanded to more than 200 booths, and the first year that active-duty and retired American military personnel marched in the parade. The parade made national headlines when U.S. Air Force Captain Greg Greeley, who led the active-duty group, was later questioned by military security officers and told his pending discharge was on hold because of his participation in Gay Pride day. No further action against Greeley was taken, and he eventually received an honorable discharge.[2][14][15]
The festival suffered from financial difficulties in the early 1990s. Rain during the parade and street festival significantly reduced attendance several years in a row. Unfortunately, festival organizers had decided, as a cost-saving move, to not take out weather cancellation insurance. The festival lost significant amounts of money, and came close to bankruptcy.[16][17]
Looking southeast at Freedom Plaza, the site of the Capital Pride street festival from 1995 to 1997.
In 1995, One In Ten, a D.C.-based arts organization which hosted the Reel Affirmations film festival, assumed responsibility for organizing Gay Pride Day events.[16] One In Ten moved the street festival from Francis Junior High to Freedom Plaza near the White House on Pennsylvania Avenue NW.[18] The parade route also changed. Instead of traveling westward from Dupont Circle on P Street NW to finish at Francis Junior High School, the parade now began at the school, moved east along P Street to 14th Street NW, and then traveled south on 14th Street NW to Freedom Plaza.[3][19]
The change in sponsorship and significant organizational and promotional changes led to sharply higher attendance. The parade and festival drew only about 25,000 attendees in 1994,[3] but this soared to more than 100,000 by 1996.[16]
However, the financial and organizational strain of producing the event proved too heavy for the small arts group. In 1997, Whitman-Walker Clinic joined One In Ten as a co-sponsor of the festival, and the event was renamed Capital Pride. The street festival was moved off Freedom Plaza and onto Pennsylvania Avenue NW between 14th and 10th Streets NW.[3] Corporate sponsorships also rose dramatically, reflecting the festival's growing commercial nature. Corporate sponsorships reached $247,000 in 1999, up from $80,000 in 1998.[20] 1997 also saw the city's first Youth Pride Day event. Sponsored by the Youth Pride Alliance, an umbrella group of LGBT organizations supporting the sexual orientation and gender expression needs of young people, the event was held first held in late April (although after 2010 it moved to a date closer to Capital Pride).[21]
2000s[edit]
Whitman-Walker Clinic became the sole sponsor of Capital Pride in 2000. The festival was moved to Pennsylvania Avenue NW between 4th and 7th Streets NW, and the festival's main stage repositioned so that the United States Capitol building was in the background. As a cost-saving move, in 2002 the parade was moved to early evening on Saturday while the festival continued to occur on Sunday afternoon.[3][22] The same year, the number of parade contingents reached 200 for the first time.[2][23] In 2004, 100,000 people attended Capital Pride events.[24]
But financial problems once more plagued Capital Pride. The event had come to be billed as a fund-raiser for the clinic, although net revenues were also shared with other organizations.[25] In July 2005 (after Capital Pride was over), Whitman-Walker Clinic revealed that it had asked the Human Rights Campaign, a national gay rights advocacy group, for an emergency donation of $30,000. The clinic had also asked D.C. Mayor Anthony A. Williams to waive more than $40,000 in street closing and police overtime fees. Both requests were granted. Unnamed sources quoted by the Washington Blade, a local LGBT newspaper, said Whitman-Walker's financial problems had spilled over into Capital Pride planning. Had the financial help not been forthcoming, the 2005 festival would have been significantly curtailed. Whitman-Walker officials strongly disputed the claims about the organization's finances, but did not deny that the financial requests had been made.[26] WWC estimated the day after the festival ended that net proceeds from Capital Pride were $30,000 in 2005.[25]
A week after the financial problems were revealed, Robert York, the Whitman-Walker staffer who had served as executive director of Capital Pride since 1999, unexpectedly resigned from the Clinic and as Capital Pride organizer. York's departure followed a series of resignations by the clinic's upper- and middle-level managers. York was replaced by clinic staff member David Mallory.[27]
A mother and her son march in the 2013 Capital Pride parade.
Financial difficulties at Whitman-Walker Clinic led to speculation that the healthcare organization would spin off Capital Pride as an independent body or permit another group to take it over. The Washington Blade quoted unnamed Whitman-Walker staffers as saying that Capital Pride consumed a significant amount of the clinic's time, resources, and staff but did not generate large revenues in return. In April 2005, The Center, an LGBT organization attempting to build a gay and lesbian community center in the District of Columbia, approached Whitman-Walker officials and asked if they would turn Capital Pride over to them. Whitman-Walker refused the offer, citing The Center's own financial difficulties and small staff.[26]
The financial distress and staff changes did not appear to change the event's appeal, however. Capital Pride attracted more than 200,000 people in 2006, making it the fourth-largest gay pride event in the United States. The festival included four major dance parties, a youth prom, and a transgender dinner.[1] D.C. Leather Pride held its first events in 2006 as well, which included a Mr. and Ms. Capital Pride Leather competition.[28]
Whitman-Walker expanded organizational oversight of Capital Pride in 2007. Although the healthcare organization remained the sole sponsor of the festival, 11 other local non-profit organizations joined with WWC to form the Capital Pride Planning Committee. This committee contributed staff and organizational resources to help produce the event.[29] 2007 also saw the city's first Trans Pride. Organized by the D.C. Trans Coalition, an umbrella group of organizations and activists supporting the needs of transgender people, the addition of Trans Pride to Capital Pride was a direct outcome of the expanded organizational planning group.[30] D.C. Latino Pride also held its first events in 2007 as well. Hosted by the Latino LGBT History Project,[31] it featured an exhibit and panel discussion (which has led some to date the founding of D.C. Latino Pride to 2007's expanded events rather than 2006).[28]
But the financial pressures on Whitman-Walker did not abate. With the clinic itself under significant financial pressure,[32] WWC issued a Request for Proposal in the second week of January 2008 asking for one or more groups to replace WWC as the organizer and sponsor of Capital Pride.[33] On January 11, 2008, Whitman-Walker Clinic disclosed, for the first time in years, the financial status of Capital Pride. WWC revealed that the 2007 Capital Pride festival ran a deficit of $32,795 on $167,103 in revenue. The clinic also reported that this included reimbursing itself for $100,000 in 'up-front money' to pay for festival-related expenses occurred far in advance of the festival. Twelve other local organizations were also reimbursed $28,000 in up-front money as well.[33]
In March 2008, Whitman-Walker Clinic awarded the production rights to Capital Pride to the Capital Pride Alliance—a group of volunteers and organizations formed by members of the Capital Pride Planning Committee. Capital Pride Alliance won the bid over The Center, Westminster Presbyterian Church, and Jansi LLC (the parent company of the local LGBT newsweekly, Metro Weekly).[34] WWC last helped to produce Capital Pride in 2008.[35]
Capital Pride Alliance was the sole producer of the event beginning in 2009.[36]
2010s[edit]
The Washington National Cathedral participated in the Capital Pride parade for the first time in 2013. The Very Rev. Gary Hall (center) and Rev. Canon Jan Naylor Cope (right) led the contingent.
The 35th anniversary of Capital Pride occurred in 2010. Organizers and affiliate organizations hosted 60 events over 10 days.[36] According to organizers, a record attendance of more than 250,000 people turned out just for the Pride street festival.[37]
Capital Pride continued to flourish over the next several years. Per policy, city officials and police declined to provide a crowd estimate in 2011, but event organizers said 200,000 to 250,000 people attended both the parade and the street festival.[38] In 2012, the Capital Pride parade extended for more than 1.5 miles (2.4 km), and was expected to draw about 100,000 spectators.[39] Although about 200,000 attendees were expected at the street festival the next day, organizers put actual attendance at about 250,000.[40] More than 300 vendors participated in the street fest,[41] and D.C. Latino Pride expanded to four days of events.[42]
A contingent from the Washington National Cathedral marched in the Capital Pride parade for the first time in 2013. Leading the group of 30 staffers was the Very Reverend Gary Hall, Dean of the cathedral. The Washington Post described the cathedral group's participant as 'a stunner for some'.[43] The Washington Blade reported attendance at the 2013 parade at 100,000.[44] Changes to the parade included a turn north rather than south on 14th Street NW. The street festival started an hour later (noon), and ended an hour later (9:00 P.M.) to take advantage of the summer sunlight hours.[45] A less positive change was a split among organizers of D.C. Latino Pride. A group of 11 organizations questioned the Latino LGBT History Project's control over and use of the event as a fundraising mechanism. They also claimed that transgender groups were being excluded from the event, and it was focused on national issues at the expense of grassroots organizing and community groups. The Latino GLBT History Project strongly denied both claims. The 11 dissenting groups split from the D.C. Latino Pride effort, and both groups of Latino organizations held competing events and parties in early June 2013.[46]
An official United States armed forces color guard leads the Capital Pride parade in 2014.
On June 7, 2014, a United States Armed Forces color guard led the way and retired the colors in the Capital Pride parade. It was the first time in American history that an officially sanctioned United States Armed Forces color guard marched in a gay pride parade.[47][48][49] Although several gay pride parade organizers nationwide had requested a color guard since the demise of the military's 'don't ask, don't tell' policy in 2011, none had ever been approved.[47][48] The eight-person color guard represented each branch of the United States armed forces.[47] The Military District of Washington provided the color guard, which also presents colors for the President of the United States, members of Congress, and at official state functions.[48] The 2014 parade attracted more than 100,000 people,[49] while festival organizers estimated that more than 250,000 people attended events during the entire week-long Capital Pride celebration.[50] The 2015 parade drew roughly 150,000 people.[51]
On June 8, 2019, reports of gunfire at the parade in Dupont Circle caused people to flee through the streets in a panic. Police responded to the scene but determined that no shots were fired; the sounds of gunshots were most likely falling crowd-control barriers.[52] A man with a BB gun was arrested for causing the panic and for possession of an illegal weapon; he pointed the BB gun at another person in Dupont Circle who was assaulting his female 'significant other', according to a police report.[53] Seven people were hospitalized with non-life-threatening injuries from the stampede.[53]
Organization[edit]
The main stage at the Capital Pride street festival on Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., on June 14, 2009. The dome of the U.S. Capitol building can be seen in the background.
Capital Pride was originally called Gay Pride Day. It changed its name to Gay and Lesbian Pride Day in 1981, and to Capital Pride in 2000.
The event was initially organized in 1975 by Deacon Maccubbin, owner of Lambda Rising Bookstore, with the help of the bookstore's employees, volunteers, and a part-time executive director, Bob Carpenter. Maccubbin and Lambda Rising hosted the event for the first five years of its existence, until it grew to 10,000 attendees and spread over three blocks. At that point, it became too large for the space available, so Maccubbin began looking for an alternative location. In 1980, a group of community activists incorporated as the P Street Festival Committee and Maccubbin turned the event over to that group. Financial problems and growing concerns about the organization's lack of inclusiveness led the committee to disband in 1990 in favor of a successor organization, Pride of Washington. Further financial problems led Pride of Washington to transfer the event to a local LGBT arts organization, One In Ten, in 1995. In 1997, One In Ten partnered with Whitman-Walker Clinic to co-produce the festival. Whitman-Walker Clinic became the sole sponsor in 2000.
Whitman-Walker turned the event over to a new group, the Capital Pride Alliance, in 2008. Capital Pride Alliance has continued to produce festival. Although the Capital Pride Alliance was formed by 11 organizations, it now has a self-perpetuating board of directors.
Cultural references[edit]
In 2005, an exhibit at The Warehouse Gallery, an art gallery and museum in the District of Columbia, documented the history and meaning of Capital Pride for area residents. The exhibit, 'Queering Sight—Queer Insight,' opened on June 3, 2005, and ran for a month.[54]
In 2006, Capital Pride was featured in the comedy film Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan.[55]
One In Ten sponsored a second exhibit about Capital Pride's history in 2007. The exhibit was installed at The Sumner School, a city-owned museum in a historic former school building in midtown D.C. The exhibit ran from March to June 2007.
The New York Times in May 2014 called Capital Pride one 'of the more notable Pride festivals and parades around the country'.[56]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abChandler, Michael Alison. 'Street Fest Lets Gays Revel in Freedom.' Washington Post. June 11, 2007.
- ^ abcdefTucker, Neely. 'At 25, Pride Hits Its Stride.' Washington Post. June 12, 2000.
- ^ abcdefgChibbaro, Jr., Lou. 'Politics Take Backseat at Pride.' Washington Blade. June 10, 2005.
- ^ abcPerl, Peter. '15,000 Parade, Picnic and Politick On Gay Pride Day.' Washington Post. June 21, 1982.
- ^ abHorwitz, Sari. 'Thousands Celebrate Gay Pride in Festive March.' Washington Post. June 18, 1990.
- ^Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia and Ehrenfeucht, Renia. Sidewalks: Conflict and Negotiation Over Public Space. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2009, p. 75; 'DC Pride Events.' Rainbow History Project. 2012Archived June 13, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, accessed 2013-06-07.
- ^ abRussell, Brenda A. 'Parade and Festival Highlight Gay and Lesbian Pride Events.' Washington Post. June 22, 1981.
- ^ abMintz, John. 'Gay Festival Of Celebration Draws 20,000.' Washington Post. June 20, 1983.
- ^Battiata, Mary. 'Gays Celebrate 'I Am What I Am'.' Washington Post. June 18, 1984.
- ^Wheeler, Linda. 'Thousands Mark Gay Pride Day D.C. Gathering's 10th Year.' Washington Post. June 17, 1985.
- ^Some estimates of attendance were even lower. The U.S. Park Police estimated the crowd at one-seventh the number announced by event organizers. See: Arocha, Zita. 'Gays Proclaim Pride, Confront Fear.' Washington Post. June 23, 1986.
- ^Thomas, Pierre. 'Thousands Rejoice at Gay Pride Day.' Washington Post. June 19, 1989.
- ^Gaines-Carter, Patrice. 'Festival Will Celebrate the Pride of Being Black and Gay.' Washington Post. May 24, 1991.
- ^Gaines-Carter, Patrice. 'Veterans, Workers to March in D.C. Gay Pride Parade for 1st Time.' Washington Post. June 23, 1991.
- ^Air Force officials said they interrogated Greeley because he had access to classified information and they feared someone might use his homosexuality against him.
- ^ abcBates, Steve and Nguyen, Lan. 'Celebrating the Right to Celebrate.' Washington Post. June 10, 1996.
- ^Ly, Phuong. 'Annual Gay March Celebrates Its 25th Anniversary in 2000.' Washington Post. May 18, 2000.
- ^Loose, Cindy. 'Goal of Gay March Is Freedom Plaza.' Washington Post. June 15, 1995.
- ^'Capital Pride Takes to the Streets.' Washington Post. June 9, 2007.
- ^Allam, Hannah. 'Taking to the Streets With Capital Pride.' Washington Post. June 14, 1999.
- ^Norton, Eleanor Holmes. 'Recognizing the 9th Annual Youth Pride Day.' Congressional Record. April 22, 2005, p. 7561-7562. Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^The District of Columbia provides law enforcement officers to help with street closure, crowd management, and general security for Capital Pride, as it does for all events in the city. Capital Pride must reimburse the District for these costs. Moving the parade to Saturday reduced the amount of double-overtime incurred on Sunday, significantly lowering the cost to Capital Pride. See: Chibbaro, Jr., Lou. 'Financial Crisis Prompts Pride Takeover Offer.' Washington Blade. July 1, 2005.
- ^Wilgoren, Debbi. 'Paving a Path Toward Main Street.' Washington Post. June 9, 2003.
- ^Vargas, Jose Antonio. 'Gays Recall a Silent Great Communicator.' Washington Post. June 13, 2004.
- ^ abMontgomery, Lori. 'For Region's Gay Community, A Day of Pride With a Purpose.' Washington Post. June 13, 2005.
- ^ abChibbaro, Jr., Lou. 'Financial Crisis Prompts Pride Takeover Offer.' Washington Blade. July 1, 2005.
- ^Chibbaro, Jr., Lou. 'Capital Pride Director Quits Clinic.' Washington Blade. July 8, 2005; Haynes, V. Dion. 'Parade Showcases Event's Evolution.' Washington Post. June 10, 2007.
- ^ abNajafi, Yusef. 'Budding Prides.' Metro Weekly. June 5, 2008. Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^Najafi, Yusef. 'Pride Retreat Postponed.' Metro Weekly. October 18, 2007.
- ^O'Bryan, Will. 'A Pride Trans-formation.' Metro Weekly. May 31, 2007. Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^The Latino Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender History Project formed in 2000. Its founder was José Gutierrez, a local activist who began keeping a private archive of Latino LGBT materials in 1993. Gutierrez's archive formed the core of the Latino LGBT History Project. See: Norton, Eleanor Holmes. '6th Annual D.C. Latino Pride.' Congressional Record. May 17, 2012, p. E839. Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^O'Bryan, Will. 'Lay-offs, Restructuring at Whitman-Walker.' Metro Weekly. January 10, 2008.
- ^ abChibbaro, Jr., Lou. 'More Changes Planned for Whitman-Walker.' Washington Blade. January 11, 2008.
- ^O'Bryan, Will. 'Allied for Pride.' Metro Weekly. March 13, 2008. Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^O'Bryan, Will. 'Capital Pride Prep.' Metro Weekly. September 11, 2008. Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^ abNajafi, Yusef. 'Pride's Bright Future.' Metro Weekly. June 8, 2010.Archived August 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^Chibbaro, Jr., Lou. 'Record Turnout for Pride.'Washington Blade. June 17, 2010. Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^Chibbaro, Jr., Lou. 'Thousands Brave Heat for Pride Parade, Festival.' Washington Blade. June 13, 2011. Accessed 2012-06-15.
- ^Yan, Claire. 'Rainbows, Beads Fly High at Capitol Pride 2012.' WTOP.com. June 9, 2012. Accessed 2012-06-15.
- ^Riley, John. 'There's No Place Like Pride.' Metro Weekly. June 14, 2012. Accessed 2012-06-15.
- ^Evans, Marissa. 'Capital Pride: 'D.C. is a Great Place for Being Gay'.' Washington Post. June 10, 2012.
- ^Ebner, Juliette. 'Here Comes the Pride.' Washington Blade. May 17, 2012. Accessed 2012-06-16.
- ^Hendrix, Steve and Dazio, Stefanie. 'D.C. Gay Pride Parade Includes Contingent From Washington National Cathedral.' Washington Post. June 9, 2013. Accessed 2013-06-09.
- ^Lavers, Michael K. 'Gray, Councilmembers March in D.C. Pride Parade.' Washington Blade. June 8, 2013. Accessed 2013-06-10.
- ^O'Bryan, Will. 'Capital Pride Aims to Unleash Some Superheroes — And Some Changes to the Parade and Festival.' Metro Weekly. June 6, 2013. Accessed 2013-06-10.
- ^Riley, John. 'Latino Pride Split.' Metro Weekly. June 6, 2013. Accessed 2013-06-10.
- ^ abcShalby, Colleen (June 5, 2014). 'U.S. Armed Forces Color Guard to March in Gay Pride Parade'. PBS Newshour. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ abcDavis, Aaron C. (June 5, 2014). 'U.S. Armed Forces Color Guard to March in Gay Pride Parade in D.C.; Called a First Nationwide'. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^ abSchulte, Brigid (June 7, 2014). 'Capital Pride: The Protest That Has Evolved Into More of a Party'. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
- ^Peligri, Justin (June 9, 2014). 'Weekend Pride Events Draw Thousands'. Washington Blade. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
- ^Lavers, Michael K. (June 14, 2015). 'More than 150,000 attend Capital Pride parade'. Washington Blade. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
- ^Hsu, Spencer (9 June 2019). 'Man with a BB gun allegedly set off panic, evacuation from D.C. Pride event'. The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ abChibbaro Jr., Lou (9 June 2019). 'Altercation by straight couple triggered 'panic' at DC Pride Parade'. Washington Blade. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^Padget, Jonathan. 'Gay Pride Infuses Warehouse Exhibit.' Washington Post. June 9, 2005.
- ^Warren, Steve. 'Anti-Social Riot.' Dallas Voice. October 2, 2006.
- ^Piepenburg, Erik (May 30, 2014). 'Celebrating Gay Pride All Over the Map'. The New York Times. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
External links[edit]
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The 2012 San Francisco Pride Festival
The 2012 San Francisco Pride Festival
The San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Pride Celebration (formerly International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day, Gay Freedom Day, Christopher Street West), usually known as San Francisco Pride, is a parade and festival held at the end of June each year in San Francisco, California, to celebrate the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and their allies. The 47th annual parade in 2017 included 270 parade contingents, and is described on the official website as 'the largest gathering of LGBT people and allies in the nation'.[1]
- 1Parade
- 4History
- 10External links
Parade[edit]
Attendees of Pride 2012
The San Francisco Pride parade is a world-renowned LGBT pride parade. It is held on Sunday morning of the Festival. The route is usually west along San Francisco's Market Street, from Steuart Street to 8th Street[2] and it runs from 10:30 am until almost 3:00 pm. Participants line up off the parade route in advance of the start of the parade.
Contingents[edit]
The parade consists of hundreds of contingents from various groups and organizations. Some of the more well-known contingents are:
Dykes on Bikes lead the 2005 San Francisco Pride parade, the contingent has hundreds of motorized bikes, many of which are decorated for the event.
- Dykes on Bikes, formerly known as Women's Motorcycle Contingent (WMC) for legal purposes, has several hundred motorcycle riders, almost all women-identified although they welcome all gender-variant people.[3] Some of the women are topless, some wear leather or fanciful costumes. The sound of hundreds of motorcycle engines gives this contingent a big impact. They are traditionally the first contingent in the parade; one reason for this is that it's difficult for motorcycles to run reliably at the walking pace of the rest of the parade, so as the first contingent they can move at an easier pace. On November 13, 2006, they won a battle to trademark the name 'Dykes on Bikes', having struggled since 2003 to persuade the United States Patent and Trademark Office that 'dyke' was not an offensive word.[4][5] Founding member and activist, Soni Wolf was selected to serve as a Community Grand Marshal at the San Francisco Pride parade in 2018. Wolf passed away in April 2018 before she was able to serve as Community Grand Marshal.[6] Her close friends will represent her in the parade by carrying the custom-painted motorcycle tank from the bike she rode during the inaugural ride in 1976.
PFLAG contingent at San Francisco Pride 2004
- Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG), is usually one of the largest contingents, featuring several hundred people. These are typically the (straight) parents or family members of LGBT people, sometimes marching together with their LGBT relatives. Many carry signs indicating where their PFLAG chapter comes from. It's common to see signs from all over Northern California. This contingent is notable for the swell in cheers (and some tears) that follow it along the route.
- Politicians frequently participate in the parade, as a way of making themselves visible to LGBT prospective voters.
- LGBT-affirming religious groups of many denominations contribute several dozen contingents.
- Nonprofit community groups and LGBT-oriented local businesses contribute more than half of the contingents. It's common for them to decorate a flatbed truck or float, along with loud dance music, or create a colorful contingent that carries a visual message out to the bystanders.
Leather contingent
- The leather contingent consists of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and pansexualleather and BDSM groups.
- Many San Francisco companies have a contingent, sometimes chaptered by LGBT employees of the company, sometimes chaptered by the company as a community outreach or public relations effort to show support of LGBT causes.
Groups which are anti-gay typically do not have contingents. During the 1990s it was common to see anti-gay protestors in the spectator area along the parade route, holding large signs condemning homosexuality, often with biblical passages. In the 2000s such protestors have become less common.
Drag queens on a float at San Francisco Pride 2005
Hundreds of thousands of spectators line the parade route along Market Street. Some arrive hours in advance to claim a prime spot on the curb with a clear view of the street. Others climb onto bus shelters, the walls of subway station stairs, or scaffolding on buildings to get a clear view. As the parade ends, the spectators are able to pass through the barriers and march down Market street behind the parade. The end of the parade route is near the Festival location at the Civic Center.
Festival[edit]
San Francisco Pride
A two-day (Saturday and Sunday) festival has grown up around the Sunday morning parade. It is a collection of booths, dance stages, and vendors around the Civic Center area near San Francisco City Hall. On the Sunday of the parade, an area of the festival called Leather Alley features fetish and BDSM oriented booths and demonstrations.[7]
The festival is traditionally held in the last full weekend in June. This commemorates the Stonewall riots.[8] There have been proposals to move it to different dates, for instance to July 4 in 2004.[citation needed]
The independently organized Trans March is held on the Friday before the parade[9][8] while the Dyke March and Pink Saturday events are held the Saturday night of the festival in The Castro.[8][10]
Administration[edit]
The festival is run by a non-profit organization, the San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee. According to their web site, their mission is 'to educate the World, commemorate our heritage, celebrate our culture, and liberate our people.'[11]
The event is funded by a combination of community fundraising both by the pride committee and on their behalf, corporate sponsorships, San Francisco city grants, and donations collected from the participants at the festival.
Several veteran contractors are employed to take on specific roles for the event.
Also involved in the running of the festival and parade are hundreds of volunteers. Of particular note are:
- Safety monitors, crews of volunteers who help maintain order on the parade route and in the festival, particularly with respect to crowd control, and participant actions that might be harmful to themselves or others. Created in 1982, the Safety Committee philosophy and training has served as the model for many other LGBT events both local and international.
- Hospitality, a team of volunteers led annually by Davace Chin and Michael Fullam and charged with feeding the other volunteers, keeps hundreds coming back year after year.
- Medical volunteers, who provide first aid and medical assistance to participants. These volunteers are typically doctors, nurses, or other trained emergency response staff.
- Contingent monitors, members of the various contingents who maintain cohesion and safety in a their contingent. They are recruited and trained by the Parade leadership, by way of a contingent monitor training video posted on YouTube.
Transgender activist Miss Major Griffin-Gracy at SF Pride 2014
History[edit]
Pioneering LGBT activist Harvey Milk took this image on Gay Freedom Day in 1976.
The first event resembling the modern San Francisco Pride parade and celebration was held in 1970—with a march down Polk Street and a small 'gay-in' in Golden Gate Park. Since 1972, the event has been held each year. The name of the festival has changed over the years. The event organizers each year select a theme for the event, which is reflected in the logo and the event’s publicity.
The Rainbow Flag identified with the LGBT community was originally created by Gilbert Baker for the 1978 San Francisco Pride Parade. It originally had eight stripes, but was later simplified to the current six stripes. A six-stripe Rainbow Flag flies over Harvey Milk Plaza in the Castro, arguably the best known LGBT village in the world.
On August 3, 1997, Teddy Witherington (who previously organized the London LGBT Pride Event 1991–1997, including the first EuroPride Festival in 1992) was hired as the organization's first Executive Director. During his tenure, the celebration evolved into a multi-cultural festival and attracted support from high-profile celebrities and sponsors, including the B52s as Main Stage headliners in 2001 and Sir Ian McKellen as Grand Marshal in 2002. Witherington formally stepped down on January 6, 2006 and was succeeded by Lindsey Jones who had joined the staff in 2004. Jones served as executive director through the 2009 event.[citation needed]
In October 2009, LGBT activist Amy Andre[12] was appointed as executive director of the San Francisco Pride Celebration Committee, making her San Francisco Pride's first openly bisexual woman of color executive director.[13][14]
Also in 2009, Asexual Visibility and Education Network members participated in the first asexual entry into an American pride parade when they walked in the San Francisco Pride Parade.[15] They have entered subsequent parades since.
Andre resigned a year later in October 2010 and was succeeded by former deputy executive director, Brendan Behan. Behan served as Executive Director April 2011 through December 2012 when Earl Plante was hired as CEO. Plante resigned September 6, 2013.[citation needed]
George Ridgely was hired to the position of Executive Director January 7, 2014 and currently serves in that position.[citation needed]
In May 2015, Kent Anderson was hired as Deputy Executive Director (resigned March 2017).
In 2016, Black Lives Matter and the TGI Justice Project withdrew from the parade in protest of increased police presence at the event.[16][17]
The San Francisco South of Market Leather History Alley consists of four works of art along Ringold Alley honoring leather culture; it opened in 2017.[18][19] One of the works of art is metal bootprints along the curb which honor 28 people (including Robert Davolt, author and organizer of San Francisco Pride leather contingent) who were an important part of the leather communities of San Francisco.[19][18]
Year | Dates | Festival name | Theme | Estimated attendance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970 | June 28 | Christopher Street Liberation Day Gay-in at Speedway Meadows Golden Gate Park | Freedom Day Revolution | Thirty hair fairies (what transsexuals were then called[20] marched down Polk Street, then San Francisco's primary gay neighborhood, in the morning. Afterward, several hundred people attended the 'Gay-in', which began at 1PM. | |
1971 | No Pride festival | Although there was no gay parade per se in 1971, there was a one time event called the Age of Aquarius Parade on a Sunday in August 1971 that marched down Folsom Street from the Embarcadero to 11th St. that functioned very much like a gay parade and was attended by many gay people and had some gay floats. There were mostly floats from spiritual groups and yoga groups. The parade had several thousand attendees. | |||
1972 | June 25 | Christopher Street West[21][a] | 15,000 | The total is for spectators. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, '2,000 male and female participants' marched in the parade.[21] | |
1973 | June 24 | Gay Freedom Day[b] | A Celebration of the Gay Experience | 42,000 | |
1974 | June 30 | Gay Freedom Day[c] | Gay Freedom by ’76 | 60,000 | |
1975 | June 29 | Gay Freedom Day[d] | Join Us, The More Visible We Are, The Stronger We Become | 82,000 | |
1976 | June 27 | Gay Freedom Day[e] | United for Freedom, Diversity is our Strength | 120,000 | |
1977 | June 26 | Gay Freedom Day[f] | Gay Frontiers: Past Present, Future | 250,000 | |
1978 | June 25 | Gay Freedom Day | Come Out with Joy, Speak out for Justice | 240,000 | |
1979 | June 24 | Gay Freedom Day | Our Time has Come | 200,000 | |
1980 | June 29 | Gay Freedom Day | Liberty and Justice for All | 250,000 | |
1981 | June 28 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Front Line of Freedom | 250,000 | |
1982 | June 27 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Out of Many...One | 200,000 | |
1983 | June 26 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Strengthen the Ties, Break the Chains | 200,000 | |
1984 | June 24 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Unity & More in ’84 | 300,000[22] | |
1985 | June 15 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Honor our Past, Secure our Future | 350,000 | |
1986 | June 29 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Forward Together, No Turning Back | 100,000 | |
1987 | June 28 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Proud, Strong, United | 275,000 | |
1988 | June 26 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Rightfully Proud | ||
1989 | June 25 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Stonewall 20: A Generation of Pride | ||
1990 | June 24 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | The Future Is Ours | ||
1991 | June 30 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Hand In Hand Together | ||
1992 | June 28 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | A Simple Matter of Justice | ||
1993 | June 27 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | Year of the Queer | 400,000 - 500,000 | |
1994 | June 19 | International Lesbian & Gay Freedom Day Parade | San Francisco to Stonewall: Pride & Protest | ||
1995 | June 18 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | A World Without Borders | ||
1996 | June 29–30 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Equality & Justice For All | ||
1997 | June 28–29 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | One Community Many Faces | ||
1998 | June 27–28 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Shakin' It Up | ||
1999 | June 26–27 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Proud Heritage, Powerful Future | 700,000 | |
2000 | June 24–25 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | It's About Freedom | 750,000 | |
2001 | June 23–24 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Queerific[23] | 850,000[23] | |
2002 | June 29–30 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Be Yourself, Change the World[24] | 850,000[24] | |
2003 | June 28–29 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | You’ve Gotta Give Them Hope[25] | 850,000[25] | |
2004 | June 26–27 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Out 4 Justice[26] | 850,000[26] | |
2005 | June 25–26 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Stand Up, Stand Out, Stand Proud[27] | 850,000[27] | |
2006 | June 24–25 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Commemorate, Educate, Liberate—Celebrate![28] | 850,000[28] | |
2007 | June 23–24 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Pride Not Prejudice[29] | 1 million[29] | |
2008 | June 28–29 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | United by Pride, Bound for Equality[30] | 1.2 million[30] | |
2009 | June 27–28 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | In Order to Form a More Perfect Union...[31] | 1.2 million[31] | |
2010 | June 26–27 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Forty and Fabulous[32] | 1.2 million[32] | |
2011 | June 25–26 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | In Pride We Trust[33] | 1 million[33] | |
2012 | June 23–24 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Global Equality[34] | ||
2013 | June 29–30 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration | Embrace, Encourage, Empower[35] | 1.5 Million | |
2014 | June 28–29 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Parade and Celebration | Color Our World With Pride[36] | 1.7 million | |
2015 | June 27–28 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Parade and Celebration | Equality Without Exception | 1.8 million | |
2016 | June 25–26 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Parade and Celebration | For Racial and Economic Justice | TBD | |
2017 | June 24–25 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Parade and Celebration | A Celebration of Diversity | TBD | |
2018 | June 23–24 | San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Parade and Celebration | Generations of Strength | TBD |
Note: Several facts in this section are taken from 'San Francisco LGBT Historical Timeline' by KQED (see External links). The themes of Pride festivals from 1970-2015 may be seen at San Francisco Pride website.[37]
2013 Private Manning controversy[edit]
On April 24, 2013, Pride announced that its electoral college had chosen U.S. Army Private First ClassChelsea (then known as Bradley) Manning as Community Grand Marshal in absentia for the 43rd annual Gay Pride Parade. Two days later, Pride's board president vetoed the election, declaring it 'an error' due to a 'systemic failure that now has become apparent and will be rectified.'[38] The board subsequently explained that the category in which Manning was elected is restricted to 'a local hero (individual) not being a celebrity'—neither of which befit Manning.[39]
Both the election and its nullification proved contentious.[40] On April 29, an estimated 200 protesters disrupted the board's meeting, demanding that PFC Manning be reinstated.[41] On May 7,[42] 21 individual Manning supporters and 5 organizational signatories filed a formal Complaint of Unlawful Discrimination with the San Francisco Human Rights Commission, noting that SF Pride received $58,400 from the City and County of San Francisco's Grants for the Arts Program in fiscal year 2012–2013.[43] On May 12, the board said it would meet 'in a larger venue after the 2013 Celebration and Parade [to] allow people from all sides of that issue and others to fully air and hear one another's viewpoints, without jeopardizing the production of this year's event and the safety and security of the attendees.' Standing firm by its decision, the board said it would not 'let one issue, as important as it is to some, overshadow the concerns and interests of the hundreds of thousands who attend SF Pride.'[44] On June 7, 2013, the board announced that since none of the alternatives submitted at a May 31 community forum garnered a consensus majority, the board's decision to rescind PFC Manning's grand marshalship would stand. The board also reported that the San Francisco Human Rights Commission had declined to investigate the discrimination claims filed against SF Pride.[45]
Notable performers[edit]
See also[edit]
- Pink Saturday, a separate celebration held in the Castro on Saturday night of SF Pride.
Notes[edit]
- ^The 1972 gay parade started from Montgomery and Pine down Montgomery to Post, then up Post to Polk Street. There was a celebration afterward at the Civic Center.
- ^The 1973 gay parade started from Montgomery and Post, down Post to Larkin, up Larkin to Sacramento, and west on Sacramento to Lafayette Park, then a major cruising area, where Mr. Marcus, the first gay emperor of the Imperial Court, presided over a preliminary celebration prior to the main celebration afterward at Marx Meadow in Golden Gate Park.
- ^The 1974 gay parade started from Grant and Bush, down Grant to O'Farrell, then down O'Farrell to Polk Street. There was a celebration afterward at the Civic Center.
- ^The 1975 gay parade started at Pine and Montgomery, went down Montgomery to Post, then down Post to Polk Street. There was a celebration afterward at the Civic Center.
- ^The 1976 gay parade started at Pine and Montgomery, down Montgomery to Market, then down Market to Noe, then up Noe to Duboce Park. There was a celebration afterward at Marx Meadows in Golden Gate Park--since the temperature was 94 F. that day, there was a lot of nudity at this celebration, which was filmed by agents of Anita Bryant to use in her anti-gay campaign.
- ^In 1977 the gay parade for the first time adopted its present route from Spear Street near the Ferry Building down Market Street to City Hall, with a celebration afterward at the Civic Center.
References[edit]
- ^sfpride.org/aboutus
- ^'2005 parade route map'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved January 13, 2006.
- ^'Dykes on Bikes'. SF Women's Motorcycle Contingent website. Archived from the original on January 6, 2006. Retrieved January 13, 2006.
- ^Raab, Barbara (April 20, 2006). 'Dyke Drama: A not-so-excellent adventure through U.S. trademark law'. American Sexuality Magazine. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2007.
- ^National Center for Lesbian Rights (2006). 'What's in a Name?'. NCLR Newsletter. 2006 (Winter): 1.
'On November 13th, the Women's Motorcycle Contingent formally won the legal right to trademark 'DYKES ON BIKES.'
- ^Marker, Jason. 'Dykes on Bikes Founding Member Soni Wolf Passes Away'. Ride Apart. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- ^'Leather Alley San Francisco'. Leather Alley San Francisco. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^ abcHernandez, Bianca (June 22, 2018). 'Know Before You Go: San Francisco's Pride Weekend'. KQED. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^'About'. San Francisco Trans March. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^Aleaziz, Hamed (March 19, 2015). 'Pink Saturday returning to S.F. Pride with greater security'. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^'About Us: Mission Statement'. SFPride.org website. Retrieved January 13, 2006.
- ^'Amy Andre to head San Francisco Pride'. October 6, 2009.
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on July 6, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- ^Adrienne Williams, October 19, 2009. Interview with Amy Andre: New Bisexual Executive Director of SF PrideArchived July 11, 2012, at Archive.today, BiSocial Network.
- ^Rufus, A. (June 22, 2009). Asexuals at the Pride Parade. Psychology Today: Stuck. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/stuck/200906/asexuals-the-pride-parade
- ^Chan, Rosalie (June 25, 2016). 'Black Lives Matter Withdraws From San Francisco Pride Parade in Response to Increased Policing'. Time. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^Najarro, Ileana (June 25, 2016). 'Black Lives Matter withdraws from S.F.'s Pride Parade due to increased police presence'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- ^ abhttp://www.artandarchitecture-sf.com/ringold-alleys-leather-memoir.html
- ^ abPaull, Laura (June 21, 2018). 'Honoring gay leather culture with art installation in SoMa alleyway – J'. Jweekly.com. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
- ^Susan Stryker (October 8, 2014). 'The Transgender Movement Welcomes Gay Allies'. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
- ^ abHartlaub, Peter (June 17, 2016). 'Chronicle captures a joyous first SF Gay Pride Parade in 1972'. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
- ^'Gay Parade draws 300,000:1984' Johnny Miller, June 21, 2009, Sunday Datebook (San Francisco Chronicle).
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2001). 'SF Pride 2001'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 30, 2013.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2002). 'SF Pride 2002'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 30, 2013.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2003). 'SF Pride 2003'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 30, 2013.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2004). 'SF Pride 2004'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 30, 2013.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2005). 'SF Pride 2005'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 30, 2013.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2006). 'SF Pride 2006'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 30, 2013.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2007). 'SF Pride 2007'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 15, 2009.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2008). 'SF Pride 2008'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 15, 2009.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2009). 'SF Pride 2009'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 15, 2009.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2010). 'SF Pride 2010'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 28, 2010.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ abSan Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2011). 'SF Pride 2011'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 17, 2011.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2012). 'SF Pride 2012'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 17, 2012.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2013). 'SF Pride 2013'. SF Pride Committee website. Retrieved June 30, 2013.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^San Francisco Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Pride Celebration Committee (2014). 'San Francisco Pride'. San Francisco Pride website. Retrieved August 30, 2014.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^'History of Pride'. San Francisco Pride. 2015. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.
- ^'SF Pride Statement about Bradley Manning'. Facebook. April 26, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
- ^'Statement from the SF Pride Board of Directors'. Facebook. May 7, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
- ^Elle, Jean (May 15, 2013). 'SF Pride Controversy Over Bradley Manning as Grand Marshal'. NBC Bay Area. Retrieved May 15, 2013.
- ^Patterson, James (May 2, 2013). 'Manning nixed by Pride board'. Bay Area Reporter. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
- ^Snow, Justin (May 16, 2013). 'San Francisco Pride and the LGBT divide over Bradley Manning'. Metro Weekly. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- ^'Complaint of Unlawful Discrimination'. May 7, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
- ^'San Francisco Pride May Membership Meeting Update'. Facebook. May 12, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2013.
- ^'SF Pride Responds to May 31 Community Forum'. June 7, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
Further reading[edit]
- Bromberger, Saul; Hoover, Sandra (2014). 'Pride: Heart of a Movement: The San Francisco Gay & Lesbian Freedom Day Parade 1984-1990'. saul-sandraphoto.com. (Book published by True North Editions, with Introduction by Victoria Sheridan, and essay by Janet Kornblum.)
- Van Niekerken, Bill (June 22, 2018). 'A history of gay rights in San Francisco'. San Francisco Chronicle.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Francisco Pride. |
- Gay Freedom Day Committee (San Francisco) Records, 1973-1991, Online Archive of California, California Digital Library.
- San Francisco LGBT Historical Timeline (pre-1930–2008), KQED. (Archive)
Photo galleries[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Pride&oldid=902491875'